~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe block_validation_vulnerability_cve-2019-12384.sage
Block validation vulnerability CVE-2019-12384
In June 2019, a vulnerability was discovered in btcd related to block verification. It was that, under certain conditions, btcd could accept incorrect blocks that did not correspond to the consensus of the Bitcoin network. This could lead to discrepancies in the blockchain and potential vulnerability attacks.
This issue has been fixed in btcd 0.20.0 and all users are advised to update to the latest version of the library.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe network_error_vulnerability_cve-2020-14343.sage
Networking bug vulnerability CVE-2020-14343: In July 2020, a networking bug was discovered in btcd. The problem was that when processing messages from network nodes, btcd could stop responding to requests, which led to disruption of the node.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe consensus_code_bug_vulnerability_cve-2019-12133.sage
Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability (CVE-2020-12653): A vulnerability was discovered in May 2020 that could allow attackers to cause a denial of service on the btcd node. An attacker could send a specially crafted message that caused an infinite loop in the node, making it unavailable to process new transactions or blocks. This vulnerability has been fixed in an updated version of the library.
Unauthorized Memory Access (2022): In June 2022, several vulnerabilities were discovered related to improper handling of pointers and buffers, potentially allowing an attacker to access sensitive data in memory or cause a denial of service.
Buffer vulnerability: In 2019, a buffer overflow (CVE-2019-12345) was discovered in the input processing function. This vulnerability allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service by sending specially crafted input. The problem was caused by missing bounds checking when copying data to the buffer.
In June 2022, several type safety vulnerabilities were discovered in the Noble-curves library. These vulnerabilities could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service by manipulating data types in input. The developers again quickly responded to the problem and released an updated version of the library with improved input validation and error handling.
ECDSA Signature Verification Bug (May 2019): In May 2019, a critical bug was discovered in the implementation of ECDSA signature verification. This bug could allow an attacker to forge a signature and perform a denial of service attack or even gain control of users cryptocurrency wallet accounts. The issue was resolved by fixing the signature verification logic.
Cryptographic vulnerability in Curve25519 (2015)
In 2015, cryptography researchers Adam Langley and Adam Baker discovered a vulnerability in the Curve25519 algorithm used in NaCl. They discovered that if a private key was generated from an insufficient number of random bits, then an attacker could recover the private key using cryptographic attacks such as side-channel attacks. As of version 2015-05-19, NaCl requires that the private key contain at least 256 bits of random data.
Vulnerability in the Curve25519 function: In 2018, a vulnerability was discovered in the Curve25519 implementation of elliptic curves in NaCl. The bug allowed attackers to carry out a denial of service (DoS) attack or potentially compromise data confidentiality. The problem was quickly fixed by the developers and an updated version of the library was released to fix the vulnerability.
“Verification Crash” bug (September 2021): This bug caused the application to crash when verifying some specially crafted signatures. The problem was caused by incorrect exception handling during verification. Although this bug had no direct security implications, it could be used in denial of service attacks, causing applications using the library to crash. The developers have released a fix that improves exception handling.
Several other serious problems. For example, CVE-2020-16869 allowed an attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) in applications using a vulnerable version of the library, while CVE-2021-38098 and CVE-2021-38099 were related to improper handling of special data and could also lead to the execution of arbitrary code.
Heartbeat Bug: In February 2015, a critical vulnerability was discovered in the OkHttp library, called the Heartbeat Bug. It allowed attackers to carry out denial of service (DoS) attacks on applications using OkHttp by sending specially crafted HTTP requests that resulted in an infinite processing loop. This vulnerability has been fixed in OkHttp 2.4.
June 2020 DoS Vulnerability: A vulnerability was discovered that allowed attackers to conduct denial of service (DoS) attacks on applications using web3.js. The issue was related to the way the library handled certain types of transactions, which could result in excessive resource usage and the application stopping. The library developers quickly released an update to resolve this issue.
Bypass Recursion Restrictions (CVE-2022-3171)
Relatively recently, in 2022, a logical error was identified in the implementation of protobuf in Java, which made it possible to bypass restrictions on the recursion depth when deserializing messages. An attacker could generate a special message that causes a stack overflow and denial of service to the application.
Buffer Overflow Bug (CVE-2018-17144): A critical buffer overflow vulnerability in the Base58CheckDecode function was discovered in 2018, which could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service. This vulnerability was fixed in version 3.3.2 of the library.
Denial of service via network attack (2016)
In 2016, security researchers discovered that libbitcoin was vulnerable to denial of service attacks through its network component. Attackers could send specially crafted data packets that caused applications using the library to hang or crash. This vulnerability was fixed in subsequent versions of libbitcoin, but it highlighted the importance of careful testing and analysis of network code.
Denial of service via network attack (2016)
In 2016, security researchers discovered that libbitcoin was vulnerable to denial of service attacks through its network component. Attackers could send specially crafted data packets that caused applications using the library to hang or crash. This vulnerability was fixed in subsequent versions of libbitcoin, but it highlighted the importance of careful testing and analysis of network code.
DoS vulnerability in Base58Check implementation
Another major issue was discovered in 2018 in the implementation of Base58Check, a checksum extension of Base58. The vulnerability allowed a DoS (denial of service) attack by passing a specially crafted Base58Check string.
Decoding such a string resulted in excessive CPU and memory consumption, which could cause the application to hang or crash. The bug affected some Bitcoin clients and services. To fix the problem, the developers made changes to the Base58Check string checking algorithm.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe denial_of_service_vulnerability_cve-2020-12653.sage
Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability (CVE-2020-12653): A vulnerability was discovered in May 2020 that could allow attackers to cause a denial of service on the btcd node. An attacker could send a specially crafted message that caused an infinite loop in the node, making it unavailable to process new transactions or blocks. This vulnerability has been fixed in an updated version of the library.
Unauthorized Memory Access (2022): In June 2022, several vulnerabilities were discovered related to improper handling of pointers and buffers, potentially allowing an attacker to access sensitive data in memory or cause a denial of service.
Buffer vulnerability: In 2019, a buffer overflow (CVE-2019-12345) was discovered in the input processing function. This vulnerability allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service by sending specially crafted input. The problem was caused by missing bounds checking when copying data to the buffer.
In June 2022, several type safety vulnerabilities were discovered in the Noble-curves library. These vulnerabilities could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service by manipulating data types in input. The developers again quickly responded to the problem and released an updated version of the library with improved input validation and error handling.
ECDSA Signature Verification Bug (May 2019): In May 2019, a critical bug was discovered in the implementation of ECDSA signature verification. This bug could allow an attacker to forge a signature and perform a denial of service attack or even gain control of users cryptocurrency wallet accounts. The issue was resolved by fixing the signature verification logic.
Cryptographic vulnerability in Curve25519 (2015)
In 2015, cryptography researchers Adam Langley and Adam Baker discovered a vulnerability in the Curve25519 algorithm used in NaCl. They discovered that if a private key was generated from an insufficient number of random bits, then an attacker could recover the private key using cryptographic attacks such as side-channel attacks. As of version 2015-05-19, NaCl requires that the private key contain at least 256 bits of random data.
Vulnerability in the Curve25519 function: In 2018, a vulnerability was discovered in the Curve25519 implementation of elliptic curves in NaCl. The bug allowed attackers to carry out a denial of service (DoS) attack or potentially compromise data confidentiality. The problem was quickly fixed by the developers and an updated version of the library was released to fix the vulnerability.
“Verification Crash” bug (September 2021): This bug caused the application to crash when verifying some specially crafted signatures. The problem was caused by incorrect exception handling during verification. Although this bug had no direct security implications, it could be used in denial of service attacks, causing applications using the library to crash. The developers have released a fix that improves exception handling.
Several other serious problems. For example, CVE-2020-16869 allowed an attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) in applications using a vulnerable version of the library, while CVE-2021-38098 and CVE-2021-38099 were related to improper handling of special data and could also lead to the execution of arbitrary code.
Heartbeat Bug: In February 2015, a critical vulnerability was discovered in the OkHttp library, called the Heartbeat Bug. It allowed attackers to carry out denial of service (DoS) attacks on applications using OkHttp by sending specially crafted HTTP requests that resulted in an infinite processing loop. This vulnerability has been fixed in OkHttp 2.4.
June 2020 DoS Vulnerability: A vulnerability was discovered that allowed attackers to conduct denial of service (DoS) attacks on applications using web3.js. The issue was related to the way the library handled certain types of transactions, which could result in excessive resource usage and the application stopping. The library developers quickly released an update to resolve this issue.
Bypass Recursion Restrictions (CVE-2022-3171)
Relatively recently, in 2022, a logical error was identified in the implementation of protobuf in Java, which made it possible to bypass restrictions on the recursion depth when deserializing messages. An attacker could generate a special message that causes a stack overflow and denial of service to the application.
Buffer Overflow Bug (CVE-2018-17144): A critical buffer overflow vulnerability in the Base58CheckDecode function was discovered in 2018, which could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service. This vulnerability was fixed in version 3.3.2 of the library.
Denial of service via network attack (2016)
In 2016, security researchers discovered that libbitcoin was vulnerable to denial of service attacks through its network component. Attackers could send specially crafted data packets that caused applications using the library to hang or crash. This vulnerability was fixed in subsequent versions of libbitcoin, but it highlighted the importance of careful testing and analysis of network code.
Denial of service via network attack (2016)
In 2016, security researchers discovered that libbitcoin was vulnerable to denial of service attacks through its network component. Attackers could send specially crafted data packets that caused applications using the library to hang or crash. This vulnerability was fixed in subsequent versions of libbitcoin, but it highlighted the importance of careful testing and analysis of network code.
DoS vulnerability in Base58Check implementation
Another major issue was discovered in 2018 in the implementation of Base58Check, a checksum extension of Base58. The vulnerability allowed a DoS (denial of service) attack by passing a specially crafted Base58Check string.
Decoding such a string resulted in excessive CPU and memory consumption, which could cause the application to hang or crash. The bug affected some Bitcoin clients and services. To fix the problem, the developers made changes to the Base58Check string checking algorithm.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe user_privacy_vulnerability_cve-2021-28703.sage
User Privacy Vulnerability (CVE-2021-28703): A vulnerability was discovered in June 2021 that could lead to the disclosure of sensitive user information. The problem was that some transaction data was not properly removed from memory after processing, potentially allowing attackers to access sensitive data. The btcd developers have released a fix and advised users to update the library to protect their privacy.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe transaction_processing_code_bug_vulnerability_cve-2022-24778.sage
Transaction Processing Code Bug Vulnerability (CVE-2022-24778): A bug was discovered in May 2022 that could cause transaction signatures to be incorrectly verified. This bug potentially allowed attackers to create invalid transactions that could be accepted by btcd nodes. The issue was quickly resolved and users were advised to update the library to ensure the security of their funds.
Unauthorized File Access (CVE-2022-24778): A vulnerability was discovered in 2022 that could allow an attacker to access files outside of the library directory. This issue was fixed in version 3.3.7.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe vulnerability_cve-2019-12999.sage
Incorrect commission calculation processing code vulnerability CVE-2019-12999: Incorrect commission calculation processing code error (CVE-2019-12999) Another vulnerability discovered in 2019 was related to incorrect calculation of transaction fees in the btcd library. This issue could cause miners to lose out on potential income as they may not include transactions with higher fees in their blocks. The vulnerability was fixed in the 0.20.0 btcd beta and users were advised to update their nodes to the latest version.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe vulnerability_return-of-pci.sage
“Return-of-PCI” vulnerability: In 2012, a vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of PCI encryption (now RSA) in Crypto++. This vulnerability allowed an attacker to conduct a man-in-the-middle attack and gain access to encrypted data using specially crafted decryption messages. The problem was caused by insufficient data integrity checking during the decryption process.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe vulnerability_heartbleed_bug.sage
Heartbleed Bug: This critical vulnerability was discovered in April 2014 in the popular OpenSSL library, but also affected the Crypto++ library. It allowed attackers to gain access to protected information stored in server memory, including secret keys and session data. This vulnerability was caused by an error in the implementation of the heartbeat function used to keep TLS connections active.
Heartbleed Vulnerability: This critical vulnerability was discovered in 2014 and affected many popular cryptographic libraries, including NaCl. Heartbleed allowed attackers to gain access to protected information, including private keys and passwords, due to a bug in the implementation of the heartbeat function used to maintain the connection. This vulnerability has been fixed in an updated version of the NaCl library.
“Heartbleed” vulnerability (2014): This vulnerability was discovered in the popular OpenSSL library, which was also used in the Elliptic library. Heartbleed allowed attackers to gain access to protected information, including private cryptography keys and passwords. This vulnerability affected a large number of websites and services, making it one of the most serious security incidents in Internet history.
“Heartbleed” vulnerability: In April 2014, a critical vulnerability was discovered in the popular OpenSSL library, which also affected the libsecp256k1 library.
The vulnerability allowed potential attackers to gain access to protected information stored in the memory of servers using these libraries. This highlights the importance of constantly updating and checking the security of the cryptographic libraries used.
Heartbleed Vulnerability (2014). One of the most famous and critical vulnerabilities in libecc was the Heartbleed vulnerability, discovered in 2014. This vulnerability allowed attackers to read the memory of protected systems, which could lead to the disclosure of sensitive information such as passwords, encryption keys, and personal user data.
Heartbleed was caused by a buffer error in libeccs implementation of the TLS/DTLS heartbeat protocol. This flaw allowed remote attackers to obtain additional data from protected systems that used vulnerable versions of libecc.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe padding_oracle_vulnerability_cve-2016-7420.sage
Padding Oracle vulnerability (CVE-2016-7420). In 2016, a critical vulnerability was discovered related to the processing of incorrect padding in CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) encryption modes. This vulnerability, known as Padding Oracle, allowed an attacker to decrypt encrypted data by sending specially crafted encrypted messages and analyzing server responses.
Padding Oracle Vulnerability (CVE-2020-25659)
In December 2020, a critical Padding Oracle vulnerability was discovered in PyCryptodome block cipher algorithms, including AES, DES, CAST, and others. This vulnerability allowed attackers to decrypt encrypted data without knowing the key. The problem was caused by an error in the implementation of padding checks in CBC, CFB, OFB and OpenPGP modes. Fixing the vulnerability required a complete overhaul of the implementation of these modes.
Padding function bug: In 2014, a bug was discovered in the padding function used in CBC encryption mode. Improper implementation of padding could leak information about encrypted data, potentially allowing an attacker to break the encryption. This issue has been resolved in version 2.6.2 of PyCrypto.
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