~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe insufficient_entropy_vulnerability.sage
Vulnerability: insufficient entropy
Key generation vulnerability (2018): In August 2018, a critical vulnerability was discovered that allowed an attacker to predict private keys generated using libwally-core. This vulnerability was caused by insufficient entropy in random number generation to generate predictable private keys.
Insufficient Randomness Vulnerability (February 2019): In February 2019, an insufficient entropy vulnerability in key generation was discovered. Entropy is a measure of randomness, and insufficient entropy can result in predictable and less secure keys. This vulnerability was addressed by improving the random number generation process.
Vulnerability in the function of creating private keys (2014)
In 2014, a serious vulnerability was discovered in the librarys create_privat_key function. This function generated private keys using an inappropriate source of entropy, making them predictable and vulnerable to key guessing attacks.
As a result of this vulnerability, attackers could calculate private keys generated using pybitcointools and gain access to the corresponding Bitcoin wallets. This resulted in loss of funds for some users.
Random Number Generator Bug: In 2003, a serious bug was discovered in the pseudo-random number generator used in Crypto++. The generator was used to generate keys and initialization vectors and was found to have insufficient entropy, making it predictable and vulnerable to attack. This bug could lead to the security of protocols using these keys and vectors being compromised.
Random Number Generator Bug: In 2015, a serious bug was discovered in the pseudo-random number generator used in NaCl. The generator did not provide the required level of entropy, which made it predictable and vulnerable to attack. This could lead to compromise of encrypted data and compromise the security of protocols using NaCl. The problem was resolved by updating the random number generator and introducing more reliable algorithms.
Random number generation vulnerability (CVE-2022-34717). The random number generator used in SharpECC was found to be cryptographically weak and predictable. This could lead to the generation of keys and signatures with insufficient entropy, which are vulnerable to hacking.
Untrusted Entropy Key Generation Vulnerability (CVE-2020-5741): Some versions of the bip32 library used untrusted entropy sources, such as Math.random() in JavaScript, to generate seeds and keys. This led to the predictability of the keys and the potential for attackers to select them. This vulnerability was fixed in later versions of the library.
Address generation vulnerability (CVE-2018-17144)
In August 2018, a vulnerability was discovered in the generation of addresses in btcd, which could lead to the loss of user funds. The problem was that not enough entropy was used to generate the addresses, making them predictable. An attacker, knowing the generation algorithm, could calculate private keys and seize control of user funds.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe vulnerability_side-channel_attack.sage
Side-channel attack vulnerability
Leakage of a private key through a side-channel attack
In older versions of the library, it was theoretically possible to extract a private key through side-channel attacks (time or electromagnetic radiation) during the signing operation. Modern versions use safer constant algorithms.
Side-channel attack
Side-Channel Attack Vulnerability (February 2022): A Side-Channel Attack vulnerability was discovered in February 2022. This attack allows an attacker to extract sensitive information by analyzing side effects of the computation, such as execution time or energy consumption. In this case, the vulnerability made it possible to extract a private key by monitoring the execution time of operations. The library developers released an update that implemented countermeasures against such attacks.
Side-Channel Attacks Vulnerability: In June 2018, the secp256k1.swift library was discovered to be vulnerable to Side-Channel Attacks. This vulnerability allowed an attacker to extract the secret key by analyzing the execution time and energy consumption during cryptographic operations. This highlights the importance of protecting against side-channel attacks when implementing cryptographic software.
ECDSA Signature Verification Bug: In February 2020, a critical bug was discovered in the ECDSA Signature Verification feature. Due to a bug in the verification implementation, it was discovered that the library accepts invalid signatures as valid. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to forge signatures and make fraudulent transactions that would be accepted as valid.
Memory safety issues: In some cases, memory safety issues have been reported in the secp256k1.swift library. This includes potential vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows and memory management errors that could lead to arbitrary code execution or disclosure of sensitive information. Developers need to carefully check their code for such memory safety issues.
Insufficient randomness (Entropy) in key generation: Early versions of the secp256k1.swift library had a flaw in the generation of random numbers used to generate cryptographic keys. Insufficient randomness can lead to predictable keys, making the system vulnerable to attack. This issue was resolved by improving the random number generator in later versions of the library.
Vulnerabilities in the implementation of point compression: Some vulnerabilities were discovered in the implementation of elliptic curve point compression in the secp256k1.swift library. These vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to manipulate the compressed points and potentially break cryptographic operations. The issues were resolved by improving the validation and handling of compressed points.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe vulnerability_to_timer_attack.sage
Timer attack vulnerability: In March 2023, a vulnerability was discovered that makes the library vulnerable to a timer attack. A timer attack allows an attacker to extract a secret key by measuring the time spent performing cryptographic operations. The bip-schnorrrb library did not have enough randomization when performing some operations, which made this attack possible.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe deserialization_error_vulnerability_cve-2023-0085.sage
Deserialization error vulnerability CVE-2023-0085
A bug in the DeserializeSignature function allowed attackers to create invalid signatures that were accepted as valid by the library.
This could lead to signature forgery attacks, allowing attackers to sign arbitrary transactions on behalf of the victim.
Error deserializing non-canonical signatures (CVE-2023-0089)
A bug in the DeserializeSignature function allowed non-canonical signatures that did not follow the expected format to be deserialized.
This could lead to false positive signature verification results.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe bug_vulnerability_in_verifysignature_function_cve-2023-0087.sage
Error vulnerability in the VerifySignature function CVE-2023-0087
Signature verification error without checking signature size (CVE-2023-0087)
A bug in the VerifySignature function did not check the size of the signature before validating it.
This could allow attackers to create shorter or longer signatures that were accepted as valid by the library.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe use-after-free_error_vulnerability_in_createsignature_function_cve-2023-0088.sage
Error vulnerability in the DeserializeSignature function for deserializing non-canonical signatures CVE-2023-0088
A bug in the DeserializeSignature function allowed non-canonical signatures that did not follow the expected format to be deserialized.
This could lead to false positive signature verification results.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe remote_code_execution_vulnerability_rce.sage
Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerability: In August 2020, the BlockTrail SDK Python library was discovered to be susceptible to an RCE vulnerability. This vulnerability allowed an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server using a specially crafted payload. The problem was caused by insufficient input validation when parsing JSON objects. Developers quickly released a fix, but the incident underscored the importance of careful input validation in code that handles data from remote users.
Remote Code Execution (RCE) Vulnerability: In 2020, a security researcher discovered a critical vulnerability in the Bitauth IDE library that allowed potential attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server. The vulnerability was caused by insufficient validation of user input, which allowed malicious code to be inserted and executed. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted character sequence, potentially leading to the theft of sensitive information or takeover of the server.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe memory_leak_vulnerability.sage
Memory leak vulnerability
Memory Leak Vulnerability: In June 2021, security researchers discovered a memory leak vulnerability in the BlockTrail SDK Python library. The problem was that the library did not always handle memory releases correctly, which could lead to sensitive information being leaked. An attacker who exploited this vulnerability could gain access to sensitive data such as the private keys of cryptocurrency wallets. The developers released an update to fix the issue and emphasized the importance of secure memory management in crypto libraries.
Memory Leak Vulnerability (CVE-2019-14437)
In 2019, a memory leak vulnerability was discovered in the implementation of the SHA-3 hashing algorithm. This vulnerability could lead to denial of service (DoS) and potential disclosure of sensitive information.
Various less serious vulnerabilities and bugs have been discovered in the web3.js library, such as memory leaks, compatibility issues, and errors in code logic. Many of these issues were quickly resolved by the librarys developers, but they highlight the importance of thorough testing and auditing of code security, especially when it comes to working with valuable assets and sensitive data.
web3.js, vulnerabilities were discovered in event handling. These vulnerabilities allowed malicious contracts to fire events an unlimited number of times, resulting in a memory leak and library crash.
Memory Leak Vulnerability (CVE-2016-2518)
In 2016, another critical memory leak vulnerability was discovered. It occurred when serializing/deserializing messages with nested structures. This could lead to the gradual exhaustion of available memory on the server, which in turn could cause a denial of service. This vulnerability affected versions of the Buffers protocol up to 3.0.0-beta-4.
Memory management bug: A bug has been discovered in the library that causes memory leaks under certain conditions. This issue could affect the stability and performance of applications that use btctxstore, especially over long periods of time. The developers have fixed this error by optimizing memory management in the library.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe man-in-the-middle_vulnerability_man-in-the-middle_mitm.sage
Man-in-the-middle MitM vulnerability
Insufficient protection against man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks: An issue was discovered in an earlier version of the BlockTrail SDK Python library due to insufficient protection against MITM attacks. The library did not properly validate SSL certificates, which could allow an attacker to intercept traffic and potentially manipulate data. This issue has been resolved in newer versions of the library by implementing strict certificate checking.
Man-in-the-Middle Vulnerability: A vulnerability has been discovered in btctxstore that makes applications using the library vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. The problem was due to insufficient verification of SSL/TLS certificates. An attacker located on the same network as the victim could intercept and manipulate data transmitted between the application and the Bitcoin server. This vulnerability was fixed by adding stricter certificate checking.
Man-in-the-middle vulnerability: In 2020, researchers discovered that the Bitwasp library does not verify SSL/TLS certificates when connecting to Bitcoin network nodes. This allowed attackers to intercept traffic and manipulate data sent between the user and the network.
In 2020, another critical vulnerability was discovered in SharpCrypto, this time related to the implementation of the Diffie-Hellman secure key exchange protocol. The vulnerability, known as “CVE-2020-10872,” allowed an attacker to carry out a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack and intercept data transmitted between two parties who were trying to establish a secure connection. The problem was caused by insufficient authentication during the public key exchange, which allowed an attacker to replace his key with the key of one of the participants, while remaining undetected.
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~/Bitcoin-Vulnerabilities$ ./attacksafe error_vulnerability_in_implementation_of_hierarchical_deterministic_keys.sage
Vulnerability of errors in the implementation of hierarchical deterministic keys
Error in implementation of BIP32 (Branching of Hierarchical Keys)
In earlier versions of the library, a bug was discovered in the implementation of the BIP32 protocol for branching hierarchical deterministic keys. This could lead to the generation of incorrect child keys and potential loss of funds. The bug was fixed in version 3.0.0.
Error in implementation of BIP32 (Branching of Hierarchical Keys)
In earlier versions of the library, a bug was discovered in the implementation of the BIP32 protocol for branching hierarchical deterministic keys. This could lead to the generation of incorrect child keys and potential loss of funds. The bug was fixed in version 3.0.0.
Bugs in the implementation of HD wallets: In 2019, several bugs were discovered in the implementation of hierarchical deterministic (HD) wallets in the BlockTrail SDK Python library. These errors could lead to the generation of incorrect addresses and incorrect key management, potentially putting user funds at risk. The developers quickly responded to the problem and released an updated version of the library with fixes.
Incorrect use of HD key paths
One of the main problems with BIP32 is the incorrect use of HD (Hierarchical Deterministic) key paths. BIP32 uses tree structures to generate keys, where each key is associated with a parent key and can produce child keys. These paths are used to create key hierarchies that can be used for various purposes, such as creating new addresses or supporting multi-signature schemes.
Improper use of HD key paths can result in leakage of important key information and ultimately loss of funds. For example, if the same HD key path is used for different purposes, an attacker could gain access to sensitive keys and cause damage.
Vulnerability in the BIP32 implementation in Trezor (2019)
In 2019, a vulnerability was discovered in the BIP32 implementation in the Trezor hardware wallet. This vulnerability allowed an attacker to recover the master key and master code of the victims wallet chain by knowing just one private key generated from that master key.
The problem was related to the way Trezor implemented the process of creating a new private key from the master key and the chain master code. In some cases, Trezor used a vulnerable algorithm that allowed an attacker to recover the master key and chain master code from a single private key.
After discovering this vulnerability, Trezor developers released a firmware update that fixed the problem. However, it showed that even popular and widely used BIP32 implementations can have serious bugs.
BIP32 (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 32) is a standard for generating hierarchical deterministic cryptographic keys in Bitcoin-based cryptocurrencies. It provides a convenient and secure structure for managing keys and addresses. However, like any technology, BIP32 may contain vulnerabilities and errors that can lead to serious consequences. In this article, we will look at some critical issues associated with the BIP32 library.
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